Pterygium surgery is a procedure performed to remove a pterygium, which is a non-cancerous growth of tissue on the conjunctiva (the thin, clear membrane covering the white part of the eye) that extends onto the cornea. This growth, often caused by prolonged UV exposure, irritation from dust, wind, or dry conditions, can affect vision if it grows large enough to interfere with the cornea. The surgery involves removing the pterygium and, in most cases, replacing the removed tissue with a graft (either from the patient’s own conjunctiva or from an amniotic membrane) to reduce the risk of recurrence and promote healing. It is typically done when the pterygium causes discomfort, affects vision, or is cosmetically undesirable.